Components of transcriptional regulation:
Transcription factors (TFs) bind to specific sites (transcription-factor binding sites; TFBS) that are either proximal or distal (distant) to a transcription start site. Sets of TFs can operate in functional cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) to achieve specific regulatory properties. Interactions between bound TFs and cofactors stabilize the transcription-initiation machinery to enable gene expression
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